Abstract:
The Electricity provider does charge the fixed charges on the basis of consumer’s maximum Electrical Demand. Consumer shall restrict the power consumption under the contracted maximum demand. This article furnishes calculation for Maximum Contract Demand.
1. Introduction:
The Electricity provider does record maximum demand in pre-defined interval (e.g. 30 minutes or 15 minutes) through duly sealed and calibrated energy meter. Generally Maximum Demand denotes in kVA for billing purpose.
Consumer need to sanction Maximum demand from Electricity Provider considering type of industry and operation pattern of the equipments. Consumer shall pay fixed charges on the basis of Maximum Demand obtained from the provider i.e. the maximum rate at which an electrical power has been consumed during any period of defined consecutive minutes in the billing month.
2. Analysis:
General Formula to calculate the Maximum Demand is described below:
Maximum Demand= Connected Load * Load Factor / Power Factor.
Where,
Connected Load = Total Connected load in the facility in kW.
Load Factor = Utility Factor * Diversity Factor.
Power Factor = System average Power Factor.
Example:
Total connected load of facility: 6500 kW
Load Factor: 0.4 (Considering steel plant type)
Power Factor: 0.95
Maximum Demand= 6500 * 0.4 / 0.95
= 2737 kVA
Utility Factor and Diversity Factor can be finding out by the Time Profile of load and usage of the equipment. All equipments of facility may not operate at similar time and also may not run with full load.
Hence, Diversity Factor in percentage = Installed load / running load.
3. Conclusion:
Consumer should sanction Maximum Demand after studying the load pattern of the electrical installation. Obtaining higher Maximum Demand shall result higher minimum fixed charges plus higher deposit, and if sanctioned Maximum Demand exceed than consumer shall confront penalty.
Very useful sir....
ReplyDeletethank u sir for giving such info
DeleteThx Very good article, if possible provide different types of Load pattern and Load factor details for Maximum demand calculation.
ReplyDeleteThat is helpful indeed. For example your only give the 150Kwh and you asked to find the Maximum demand. How would go about it?
ReplyDeletewhat is running load mean?
ReplyDeleteit is efficiency of the plant
DeleteThis plant have a connected load of 6500 KW and a MD = 2737 kVA, with a pf =0.95 this means the Running load is about 2600 kW.Not very good, because in most countries you pay for the installed capacity and the MD separately.So as Shabu said it is the efficiency of the plant and in this case it is very bad,
DeleteGenerally, what is the demand factor for a busy hospital with all major facilities fully available and utilized? Please guide.
ReplyDeletehow should I take Load factor for 315 KVA industrial load
ReplyDelete315*0.4÷0.9
Deleteat 50 MW load how cani take load factor
ReplyDeleteSir my bulging kva was 3000 so o how to find out multi factor
ReplyDeletevery Nice ...
ReplyDeleteUseful information
ReplyDeleteHow to calculate utility factor
ReplyDeleteDear sir , what means load factor. How bto find
ReplyDeleteSir,
ReplyDeleteMy load is 1HP pump only. What should be max MD. Is the MD changes as per usage time duration
Hlo sir,
ReplyDeletei have a project to install an RMU ,with total connected load of 825 kw.
and as per the above calculation method ....
maximum demand load = 347 kva =329.65kw.
sir can you please advise me the method of calculation for sizing the
required size of XLPE/SWA/PVC ug cable.
hope your earliest response.
thank you.
hi sir, what is MD penalty.
ReplyDeleteI have connected load 1kw on behalf of 5fans each has 60w, 4Led having 9w, 1 electric iron, 1 geyser 2000w, 1 Kent RO. Plz tell me what will be maximum load in my house. The Office calculated 2.22kw load. Is it true. Kindly confirm me to know.
ReplyDeleteI have 45 rooms eich 200 squad feet how much Lod is,je is calculated 80 kw is this right.and we have orc transformer.
ReplyDeleteWhy in KVA not in kw
ReplyDelete